Valmiki - 1153 Words

â€Å"VALMIKI MAHARSHI† Valmiki’s real name was Ratnakara. He was the son of Prachetasa, a sage. by profession. Before this Valmiki was a robber Later with the teachings of Maharshi Narada he became a Rushi. What is Valmiki - Valmika in Devanagari means â€Å"ant- hill† Once when he was a very young boy, he had gone to the forest playing and was lost in the forest. His parents An searched for him but could not trace him. They thought that the boy has been eaten by some wild animals. hunter and his wife took the child and brought up the child as if their child. He was taught of the hunting and he learnt it fully. children also. Later, the boy grew young and he He got When Ratnakara’s family grew with the he felt it uneasy to maintain his†¦show more content†¦bird couple. He was pleased to see the happy Suddenly the male bird fell from the sky after being hit by an arrow and was wounded. The spouce bird was screaming in agony. Then he realized that the bird was hitten by a hunter. Valmiki’s heart was felt with pity. following shloka, maa nishada pratistham tvamagamahsÄ svatI: samaa: yat kraunchamithunaadekam avadhI: kaamamohitam This is the first shloka of Ramayana. It is regarded as the first shloka among all the puraanaas. He is regarded as the first Kavi or poet, i.e., â€Å"Aadi Kavi†. Ramayana is also titled as the first Kavya. Meanwhile Brahmadeva, came and told him to write Ramayana with whatever story he has listen from Narada Suddenly came out from his lips, the WWW.SUMADHWASEVA.COM BY NARAHARI SUMADHWA Page 5 â€Å"VALMIKI MAHARSHI† Maharshi. He also blessed him to see whatever has happened in the past and whatever he writes will be true. Valmiki brought up the children of Sri Ramachandra – Lava and Kusha. Why? Once after Sri Ramachandra killed Ravana-Kumbakarna and brought back Seeta Devi, was ruling Ayodhya peacefully. But he heard a citizen of Ayodhya, telling that â€Å"Ramachandra had brought back Seetadevi, who was imprisoned by Ravana. Sri Ramachandra was wrong in bringing back her†. On hearing thisShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Valmiki s Ramayana 1311 Words   |  6 Pagesis depicted changes throughout retellings. She is the youngest child of Rishi Vishrava and his second wife, Kaikesi, and in some cases, described as being as beautiful as her mother. Poet Kamban offers a more warmer description of Shurpanakha than Valmiki s, describing her as a very beautiful woman with long, beautiful, fish-shaped eyes, a slender figure and bewitching personality. She is immediately mutilated, by having her nose and ears cut off by Rama’s brother, Lakshmana, for overstepping herRead MoreThe Ramayana Of Valmiki s Ramayana1656 Words   |  7 PagesIn the story Ramayana of Valmiki is a story that has often been passed down from generations from the original version of the story. In the story the Ramayana majority of the Ramayana’s view Sita as the wife who follows her husband when he is exiled for fourteen years who upholds her chastity when she is abducted by the Rakshasa king Ravana who goes through the ring of fire to prove her chastity (Anand). During the tenure of the abduction even after passing all these tests quietly, leaves her husbandRead MoreThe Laws Of Manu And Valmiki s Ramayana1365 Words   |  6 Pagesupon her brow† (Valmiki, 64). Her father Janak gives his â€Å"beauteous daughter† to Rama in marriage, pronouncing in the wedding vows that she is â€Å"the best of women† (Valmiki, 64). Sita’s beauty in the Ramayana is surpassed and eclipsed by her complete submission to her duty as wife. In her wedding vows, Sita is given to Rama by her father, with the father telling Rama that she is to be â€Å"henceforth sharer of thy virtue,† â€Å"faithful wife,† and â€Å"of thy weal and woe partaker† (Valmiki, 64). She is thusRead MoreThe Process of the Advancement of the Human Soul Towards its Perfection in Ramayana and the Mahabharata1563 Words   |  7 Pagesconnecting of the visible phenomena with what underlies the phenomena is the significance of the Epics. And these two masterstrokes of genius given to us by Valmiki and Vyasa, in the form of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, give us the religion of India. In the Ramayana, there is such a contradictory picture of the personality of Rama, presented by Valmiki, where it is asked sometimes to look upon him as the perfected man and sometimes as a perfection of divinity itself manifest. There, for the first timeRead MoreThe Ramayana by Valmiki Essay1864 Words   |  8 Pages The Ramayana by Valmiki has influenced and shaped all aspects of Indian society. The Ramayana was written at around 550 B.C. in Sanskrit. The story is composed of twenty-four thousand verses, divided into seven books. The books are called kanda (Mack 576). Every Indian person knows the story of Ramayana. The story is read to all young children in India. Children are told the ancient tale in Sanskrit and boys are told to act like Rama and girls are told to act like Sita (Nair). The RamayanaRead MoreThe Epic Of The Ramayana Of Valmiki865 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ramayana of Valmiki is one of the great Hindu epics in literature and has greatly influenced Indian soci ety. According to M.V. Kamath, a veteran indian journalist â€Å"The Ramayana is not just a story: it presents India s culture, its philosophical foundation in all its variety and glory. As Hinduism spread in South-east Asia, so did the Ramayana, in countries like Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar and Malaysia.† The influence of the epic poem has has been profoundly strengthenedRead MoreThe Ramayana Of Valmiki And Sita Sings The Blues1780 Words   |  8 PagesThe Ramayana of Valmiki and Sita Sings the Blues The epic story of Rama and Sita, as portrayed by Valmiki’s Ramayana and the modern day film Sita sings the Blues are two different versions of the same story which contain several contrasts as well as similarities. The Ramayana is the ancient version which was written by a sage named Valmiki in 550 B.C.E, featuring a love story between an ideal prince and an ideal woman. It outlines the adventures of Rama in his journey to find his abducted wife SitaRead MoreReader Response In The Ramayana By Valmiki791 Words   |  4 PagesRamayana Reader Response In the Ramayana by Valmiki, Dasharatha is the King of Ayodhya and has three wives and four sons, Rama, Lakshmana, Bharata and Shatrughna. Rama is the ideal and perfect son, and grows up with his brothers. He marries a woman name Sita. However, Bharatas mother is Kaikeyi, who resents Rama being crown king. She calls up a debt that Dasharatha owes her and asks for Rama to be exiled for fourteen years and her son Bharata be made crown prince instead. The devastated DasharathaRead MoreThe Odyssey, The Ramayana Of Valmiki, And The Bhagavad Gita2114 Words   |  9 Pagesoptions available to solve a dispute, then violent conflicts are acceptable responses. The use of armed conflict to resolve any political or personal disputes has been a theme that is visible in famous warrior stories. The Odyssey, The Ramayana of Valmiki, and The Bhagavad-Gita all deal with conflicts of war and how it can affect the lives of those involved. Violence as a solution to combat any disagreements or problems has been viewed as noble and necessary in many stories. Armed conflict and violenceRead MoreThe, An Epic Written By Maharishi Valmiki2830 Words   |  12 PagesRamayana, an epic written by Maharishi Valmiki, showed the first known symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after Marrich nearly dying from Lord Rama’s arrow in circa 5000 BC. Today, one out every thirteen people will inherit the anxiety disorder sometime in their life (4). Traumatic events occur on a daily basis that can affect each person differently at various ages. Whether the situation leaves them unchanged, traumatized, or fine for a couple of years then hit with the stress. The brain

Literacy Analysis - 1104 Words

Literary Analysis of â€Å"Battle Royal† I’m writing an analysis of â€Å"Battle Royal† by Ralph Ellison. It is told from the first person point of view. This is a story about a young African American named Ralph Ellison, who is trying to be accepted by white society. He is offered the opportunity to read his speech he had written for his graduation at a gathering of the town’s leading white citizens (p.286). Ralph Ellison is told that he should partake in the Battle Royal before giving his speech as part of the entertainment. The Battle Royal is a fight in which several young African American boys are blindfolded, given boxing gloves, and forced to fight each other until one person is left standing in a boxing arena. There are no time†¦show more content†¦To top it off they blind fold all of the boys just to make it more amusing. They humiliate the boys by making them watch a nude woman dance before the fight. And then they force them to pick up fake coins off of an electrified rug. Shocking them and getting enjoyment from their pain. This is a very racist story. But unfortunately it truly reflects on how these individuals were treated during this time. The big shots only want to be controlling racists, and get enjoyment from this. They will not accept any behavior from the African Americans except submission. The idea of social equality between them and the African Americans is quite appalling for them (p.297). They are strictly set against this and will probably do what ever it takes to prevent this from happening. I liked the ambition of Ralph, his determination to make sure that he is heard. He really feels as though his speech will make a huge impact for his people in his community. He is trying to become accepted into a society that does not want to accept him or his people. I agree with Paula Caudle, Naomi Lancaster, and Andy Stamper Students, University of North Carolina at Pembroke (http://www. uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/1914-/lit/ellison.htm) in their analysis of the blindfold in the story. They stated that â€Å"the blindfold symbolizes mans inability to see who he is within society and the reality of society. Another example could be the contrast betweenShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis : Critical Literacy888 Words   |  4 PagesCritical literacy is the ability to read a text and connect it to a deeper meaning or to a social construct. Elizabeth Bishop (2014) writes, â€Å"Critical literacy uses texts and print skills in ways that enable students to examine the politics of daily life within contemporary society with a view to understanding what it means to locate and actively seek out contradictions within modes of life, theories, and substantive intellectual positions† (p. 52). Bishop is explaining the importance of takingRead MoreMedia Analysis On Media Literacy1062 Words   |  5 PagesMolly Whirley Mrs. Abby Lackey Comm 1010 09/12/2017 Media Literacy Media literacy is defined as is the ability to Access, Analyze, Evaluate, Create, and Act using all forms of communication. There are five questions you should ask when analyzing media. You should look at the purpose of the content, the media source, the framing, stereotypes and the media ecosystem. Mass media can show current content that seems real, though, as viewers it is our duty to distinguish, and differentiate between â€Å"imagesRead More Improving The Literacy Of America Essay1573 Words   |  7 Pagescommonly referred to as literacy. What encompasses a literate individual is a controversial topic. For example, if someone can read a sentence and decipher what it means does this mean the person is literate. Or should the individual be able to interpret a sentence as well as write and respond to a given situation to be considered literate. Due to this vagueness in what encompasses a literate individual, I will not state statistical information about the state of literacy in the United States. TheRead MoreCritical Analysis : Critical Literacy Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pagesoriginality, humor, and positive messages. However, one can also find their subtle meanings of the commercials by using Charles Temple analysis. Charles Temple’s â€Å"Critical Literacy† is used in this context to analyze and better understand the ideas behind the messages conveyed in a particular Coca- Cola advertisement. The ad contains components of â€Å"Critical Literacy† that can be used to better understand the student learning outcome (SLO) by illustrating the feeling of winning, and the student performanceRead MoreInformation Literacy and Scholarship, Practice, and Leadership in It Management1337 Words   |  6 PagesInformation Literacy and Scholarship, Practice, and Leadership in IT Management R. Dannels University of Phoenix IT (Information Technology) management entails all the routine issues faced by any type of business manager in addition to the issues of software development, technology purchasing (not necessarily physical items), systems integration, the limits of technology and the related budgetary issues. General information literacy is important for any level of IT manager, as he or sheRead MoreThe Impact Of Digital Technology On Children And Adults1402 Words   |  6 PagesAs a result of the of digital technology in modern society, digital literacy practices that adolescents and young adults engage in on a quotidian basis have profoundly affected not only their influence over technology as a result of its centrality in their lives but also their social skills in digital networking. Web 2.0 technologies have enabled individuals around the world to interact and communicate with one another, constructing an imagined community in the Andersonian sense vis-a-vis digitalRead MoreThe Mono Tale Of The Hero s Journey1549 Words   |  7 PagesA Story within a Story In our current society, literacy is defined as the ability to read and write. Though this is a common trait among individuals in our society, it is one that I view unique to every individual who had the opportunity to obtain it. I will retell my literacy journey in a way that encompasses one of my favorite theories in writing, the mono-tale of the Hero’s Journey by Joseph Campbell. This theory states that the Hero’s journey is a pattern in a narrative that forms the basic templateRead MoreAn Analysis Of The Humanities And Social Sciences Learning Area1132 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Cross-curricular priorities provide opportunities for extending literacy through other learning areas. In this case, the Humanities and Social Sciences learning area has been extended to provide students with varied experiences using multimodal texts. Using an analysis of student understanding, the planner has been developed to address gaps and improve student outcomes. Each of the eight knowledge processes has been addressed in activities targeting comprehension, fluency and vocabularyRead MoreDigital Tool : Red Jumper Limited Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesDigital Tool Red Jumper Limited. (2015). Book Creator Free – make books with photos, video and sound. (Version 3.6) [Mobile application software]. Retrieved from https://itunes.apple.com/nz/app/book-creator-free- make-books/id661166101?mt=8 Analysis and critique Book Creator [BC] uses and develops both reading and writing skills through offering an onscreen multimodal text (Walsh, 2006) creation tool that produces an outcome just as the name promises. The construction of this app includesRead MoreDoes Illiteracy Affect Crime and Poverty Rates?1757 Words   |  7 Pagesmean a person is going to commit crime, it does make it more likely. The link between crime and illiteracy is evident in the amount of children who enter these facilities unable to place into or above the â€Å"basic† level of literacy defined by the National Assessment of Adult Literacy. According to www.statisticbrain.com, 32 million U.S. adults, which is 14% of our entire population alone do not know how to read. Another 21% can’t even read past the level of a 5th grader. A surprising 15% of high school

Essay Test Example For Students

Essay Test 1) A system in which a number of independent computers are linked together to share data andperipherals, such as hard disks and printers4._____ _______ may qualify you for additional degrees or more advanced technical positions. .5 points5. What are five soft skills that are important in a team environment? 2.5 points6. List the layers of the OSI model. 3 points7.In order to allow the OSI model to more closely adhere to the protocol structure and operation of a local area network 8.Without ____, you could not design a network because one piece of hardware might not work properly with another. 2 points9.In the following figure, the X represents the ________ of the simplified data frame. 2 pointsXData Sent by Source10. Connectivity devices, such as bridges and switches, work in the _____ layer. 2 points11. The primary function of the _______ is to translate network addresses into their physical counterparts and decide how to route data from the sender to the receiver. 2 points20.a. Access Methodology is one type of topology discussed in the chapter. It is based on sharing media through different forms including CSMA/CD and Token Passing. In CSMA/CD the sender listens to see if someone is already â€Å"on the line† with the designated carrier. If the data cannot be transmitted the carrier returns a jamming signal in which the sender interprets and the process is repeated after some time. In Token Passing a monitor from client to client. The client with the token is the only one with control of the network. When there is a break in transmission, the token continues being passed along the network. This method works better with larger systems. b. Logical Topologies are methods of transporting data from one workstation to its destination. In the sequential method, or ring logical topology, the data is passed from workstation to workstation until one recognizes the data as being meant for it. In broadcast method, the data is sent out to the entire network and each node decides if the message was meant for it. c. Physical Topologies is the physical connections between the workstations. Most often these are in the star layout with a server as the center and workstations branching out from it. There are however the bus (computers in a linear arrangement) and ring (computers joined on both ends creating a loop) layouts with less effectiveness. 22. The figure below is a description of a _______________________ topology. 3 points24.c. A hub failure cannot disable a LAN segment25.The figure below describes a ________________________________ topology. 2 poin1)IP convergence by building a high-speed ATM network designed to handle dat a, voice, and video. 2) Next year GPB will add voice to its network. GPB will add a Mitel SX200 PBX which will connect its voice system to its membership server. 1)Microsoft Office, Oracle database. 2)Real Networks RealVideo server, online video editing and exchange. 1)They decided that ATM was the only technology that would let GPB send voice and video on the network over which all of its data is running. It was best suited to handle multiple protocols and highspeed multimedia applications. 2)In desktop application it is indeed rare. 1)They offered products at 1/3 list, and Madge was only major player supporting Novell’s IPX protocol. 3)ATMs multiprotocol support allow it to run IPX as well as other applicable protocols. 30.a. What is its purpose?b. How many users/stations ? c. Will there be application/file sharing? d. Where will data be stored (server, client, etc)? 31. a. How much expansion is expected?c. ability to share hardwared. centralized administration and supportb. ability to work as part of a team. .u50ac8ad807f74e82035389ec644b66c8 , .u50ac8ad807f74e82035389ec644b66c8 .postImageUrl , .u50ac8ad807f74e82035389ec644b66c8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u50ac8ad807f74e82035389ec644b66c8 , .u50ac8ad807f74e82035389ec644b66c8:hover , .u50ac8ad807f74e82035389ec644b66c8:visited , .u50ac8ad807f74e82035389ec644b66c8:active { border:0!important; } .u50ac8ad807f74e82035389ec644b66c8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u50ac8ad807f74e82035389ec644b66c8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u50ac8ad807f74e82035389ec644b66c8:active , .u50ac8ad807f74e82035389ec644b66c8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u50ac8ad807f74e82035389ec644b66c8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u50ac8ad807f74e82035389ec644b66c8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u50ac8ad807f74e82035389ec644b66c8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u50ac8ad807f74e82035389ec644b66c8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u50ac8ad807f74e82035389ec644b66c8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u50ac8ad807f74e82035389ec644b66c8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u50ac8ad807f74e82035389ec644b66c8 .u50ac8ad807f74e82035389ec644b66c8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u50ac8ad807f74e82035389ec644b66c8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Monique Abdelsayed Essayc. excellent communication and documentation skills36. A router forwards packets between layer three segments based on the layer three network address. 37. a. allow multiple users to share applications39. List and discuss the three LAN models 6 points40. Explain the difference between full duplex and half duplex transmission. 4 points41. Rules purely market driven for how communicating hardware and software components talk to one another. 3 pointsa.de facto protocolsc.proprietary protocolsd.open protocols55 What is a fileservers main job? 4 points56 What are four reasons that file services are the foundation of networking today? 6 pointsBibliography:

Why Were People Still Reading Galen in 1400 free essay sample

Why were doctors still reading Galen in 1400? Galen was a Greek physician who revived the wok of Hippocrates and other Greek doctors. Galen died in the Roman era but his work was still read in the medieval times. Regression in medicine was caused by many factors including war and religion which meant that doctors had to use cures and theories that had already been discovered such as Galen’s theory of the 4 humours and opposites.Due to lack of progress in the past 1000 year’s doctors continued to use Galen’s theories. Firstly, Galen’s ideas were regarded as sensible and believable. He put great emphasis on clinical observation – examining a patient very thoroughly and noting their symptoms. Galen also accepted the view that disease was the result of an imbalance between the 4 humours which were blood, phlegm, yellow and black bile. He came up with the theory of opposites, if a patient appeared to have a cold he would be treated with heat. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Were People Still Reading Galen in 1400? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many of Galen’s ideas were incorrect but were still used 1000 years after he died; one main factor that contributed to this was war. War led to lack of progress and held back new medical ideas from developing. Firstly, at the time a war would cost an awful lot of money, the government would be compelled to spend all their money on new military equipment and salaries for the soldiers hence the government could not afford any new medical equipment or could not give any money in helping research new medical ideas. Secondly, a war was very busy and chaotic. Due to the fact that soldiers were injured in thousands doctors did not have any time to research and develop new ideas, all of their time would be occupied in using what they already know to help cure/save a soldiers life. Lastly at the time of a war many medical books were destroyed and thus some very important and new medical ideas were lost forever causing regression in medicine. Another factor which contributed to regression in medicine was religion. At the time of Galen the church had a lot of power and was able to control what they wanted people to believe.Firstly none of Galen’s ideas contradicted what the church believed (for example Galen believed that God created the body and the church also supported this idea) and as a result the church promoted all of Galen’s ideas. Galen wrote many books somewhat over 60, despite there being many other authors who wrote about their medical ideology the church only kept Galen’s and burnt the rest this meant that peo ple could only read about Galen’s ideas and theories and his would be the only ones anybody ever used. Also nobody ever dared to challenge the church as it was so powerful. Another thing is that when Galen was alive religion was seen as very important and people had very strong beliefs in God and churches and so whatever the church taught them they believed. In conclusion the most important reason that caused regression in medicine was religion; this was because religion vastly influenced people into believing Galen’s ideas. Without the church promoting Galen’s ideas they would not have been used in the medieval times. However the other factors did also contribute to why Galen was being read in the 1400’s.

Asian Fall essays

Asian Fall essays A large economic downturn in East Asia threatens to end its nearly 30-year run of high growth rates. The crisis has caused Asian currencies to fall 50-60%, stock markets to decline 40%, banks to close, and property values to drop. The crisis was brought on by currency devaluations, bad banking practices high foreign debt, loose government regulation, and corruption. Due to East Asias large impact on the world economy, the panic in Thailand, Indonesia, Korea, and other Asian countries has prompted other Countries to worry about the affect on their own economies and offer aid to the financially troubled nations (The Great Wave). The East Asian crisis has affected almost all of the Asian Nations, but the three hardest hit countries are Thailand, Indonesia, and South Korea. The panic began in Thailand in May of 1997 when speculators, worried about Thailands slowing economy, excessive debt, and political instability devalued the Baht (Thailand currency) as they fled for market-driven currencies like the American dollar. Indonesias economy soon fell soon after when the rupiah hit a record low against the U.S. dollar. Indonesia is plagued by more than $70 billion worth of bad debts and a corrupt and inefficient government. Thailand and Indonesia also suffer from being overbuilt during real estate booms that they were the result of huge influxes of cash by optimistic foreign investors. South Korea faltered under the weight of its huge foreign debt, decreasing exports, and weakening currency (Asian Fall). Other major countries touched by the crisis are Japan, China, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Japans economy is burdened by $300 billion in bad bank loans and a recession. Chinese banks may carry bad bank loans of up to $1 trillion. The banks lend 66% of Chinas investment capital to state-run industries that only produce 12% of Chinas industrial output. Malaysia and the ...

18 Steps That Will Help You Quit a Job That You Hate

18 Steps That Will Help You Quit a Job That You Hate Is your job awful? Or just profoundly unfulfilling, and not challenging or helping you to grow in the most important ways for your career? If you know you’re not really where you need to be but you’re plagued by the what ifs, consider taking these 18 steps to see whether it might be scarier to stay at your job than working up the courage to quit and moving on to another opportunity. 1.  Think long and hard about your life and your choices.Are you living the life you want, or used to dream of? Or are you letting your shots be called by what is expected of you, or what you perceive you should be doing? Take a step back and see where you stand. Are you working towards great things? Or are you mired in mediocrity? If you’re not living the life you desire, and you find yourself being passive in your choices, start taking active steps to change that. Live by design, not by default.2. Fear the â€Å"if only† more than the â€Å"what if.†As scary as it is to start over (at any point in your career), isn’t it scarier to think of yourself regretting having stayed put several years down the line? Regret rarely shows up until it’s too late. Try to fear failure less than dissatisfaction when your chances at another chance dry up.3. Think, What’s the worst that can happen?†Imagine the absolute worst case scenario. All your gravest what-ifs. What does that look like? Clearly define what your biggest fears coming true might look like. Then ask yourself, â€Å"So what?† Is it livable? Workable? Even, perhaps, preferable to your current situation?4. Trust your gut.If there’s a nagging little voice in you telling you to quit and go after something better? Chances are you’re right. Listen to yourself and act deliberately to affect the change you crave. Think of it as your inner GPS.5. Trust what you love.Have the confidence to know that you’ll be better off- and much happier- if you’ re doing what you love. Even if you’re doing something you just like more. If you can’t get to your dream job in one leap from your current one, try a stepping stone. Anything is better than stagnation, particularly when you aren’t happy where you are. Think of all the time and energy you’re putting into what you don’t love. Imagine how much better you could be and feel!6. Make decisions based on happiness.Studies actually suggest that happiness fuels success and good performance- rather than the other way around. Build a life and career around what makes you happy and the rest should follow, crazy as it sounds.7. Set a  good example for others.Visualize your little sister or your best friend’s kid in your shoes. Now imagine them copying your choices and your solutions. Does this make you cringe? Inspire future mentees by pursuing what you really want and need most out of life.8. Live in the current moment.It’s important to keep an eye on the future. But it’s just as important to stay grounded in reality. Be realistic about what you can and can’t accomplish from where you are right now. What can you actually do now? Start there.9. Don’t despair.You are not alone. What you feel is totally normal and human and a lot of people out there are going through the same exact thing. Take comfort in that fact.10. Get clear on your purpose.You want a change, but why? Get clear on why you are unhappy, why you are leaving, why you’re taking the risk. As long as you stay on message, you’ll stay focused and can trust that you’re moving in the right direction.11. Get to know your own gifts.We all have our own unique talents and strengths. Let your passions lead you to understand yours and then lead with that. Trust yourself and show the world what you have to offer.12. Build a web of support.Find people who support, inspire, and motivate you. Who think like you do and are open to the s ort of life you want to lead. Build a network of these people, both business and personal, in person and online.13. Realize you might have to take a risk to make a gain.A small risk now, or a small sacrifice even, can pay large dividends down the road. Bet on yourself and figure out how to be a winner when the chips are down.14. Aim to please†¦ yourself.Imagine yourself on your deathbed. Are you proud of current you? Try living in such a way that would put a smile on the face of your past selves. Make sure you end up fulfilled and content with what you’ve chosen.15. Remember timing can be everything.But that doesn’t mean you have to wait for the perfect conditions for a change or a leap of faith. Perfect conditions will never appear. You’ll never be 100% prepared to make a major switch. Align as many stars as you can, but remember that sometimes you have to accept that things may never be perfect. Neither can you. Do what you can in the moment that presents itself.16. Trust the path.You may not be able to see where all this leads, but if you’re following your gut and staying true to your purpose (and reality), you can trust that it will take you where you need to go. Focus only on the next step.17. Get comfy with uncomfortable.Change is scary and uncomfortable. New is hard and daunting. Make being uncomfortable your new comfortable. Make this part of your journey.18. Have faith, not fear.Both faith and fear are kinds of uncertainty. Focus on what you do want, rather than what you don’t. And take active steps to make that happen. Don’t just sit back and worry that it won’t be possible.You never have any guarantees of how anything will turn out. But if you listen to yourself and make mindful choices in your life, you won’t go too far wrong.

How does the book "Mindsight" explain the happiness one can Coursework

How does the book "Mindsight" explain the happiness one can acquire that is listed in the book "Happiness Hypothesis" - Coursework Example There is value first in exploring Aristotle’s ideas on happiness, and the relationship between the emotions and happiness. It is important to note that in reference to Aristotle’s idea of happiness, or what can be summed up in the word eudaimonia, the notion of happiness is not necessarily linked to passing emotions at any given time, but is more associated with the achievement of virtue, a direction or an overarching purpose or sense of meaning to one’s life that can be only gleaned with finality at the end of a life, as a culmination and as an endpoint to be reached (Burton). This happiness is also tied to what Aristotle terms as the mean, or that middle ground between extremes, the achievement of which can be construed as a standard for evaluating the happy or unhappy life. The achievement of the mean is tied to the successful cultivation of virtue, and this life lived in virtue, over a span of a lifetime, is what constitutes happiness. There is moreover the f ormulation in Aristotle of happiness not as something that is useful for another end, but is something that can be considered as the final and ultimate good, a good in itself, and the end of all of human activities. Therefore, happiness is somewhat also tied to a sense of things being alright, of a positive feeling in a way, that is the real end of all human strivings, from gathering and eating food, to earning money, traveling, establishing a family, taking care of one’s body to be healthy. In this latter formulation there is the sense of the emotions having some value as a kind of inner compass that can guide one and act as a kind of thermostat or inner compass leading towards the achievement of that state of happiness that Aristotle discussed extensively in the Nicomachean ethics. There is a sense of happiness in Aristotle of being an activity, a kind of striving, with the emotions signalling whether the direction of one’s life and the results of the striving are pl easant or

Globalization Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Globalization Management - Assignment Example The strategies built would be product driven instead of being controlled by customer behavior and response patterns. The article, therefore, seeks to find out if success in the international market must involve development of global products. The key aspects discussed in the paper revolve around the competitive strategy created by global standardization of products. While it sounds like a good idea, the global standardization may be faced by several constraints. In one example, the globalization is hampered by differences in preference, government constraints, transport costs, tariffs and barriers to entry as well as preference of local firms. It is also quite obvious that global standardization becomes effective in a narrow range of products. The strategy may work mainly in marketing of luxury products or products whose penetration rate is similar (Wit & Meyer, 2010). This can only gain application in the developed countries where the needs of the consumers appear uniform in contras t to the developing countries. It is unfortunate that the global standardization is based on assumptions. By assuming that the needs of the customers are homogenous, planners may indulge in deriving wrong conclusions. If needs of the world were homogenous, it would be possible to satisfy the world needs. All countries would thrive at the same level of development since trade would be made easier. This is, however, not the case. The needs of the developing countries vary to a great extent to those of people in the developed counties. This would also imply all goods remain substitutable and hence reduce customer choice. Already, researchers refute the theory on homogeneity on the grounds of different lifestyles and value segments. In the United States alone, nine different value segments appear conspicuous. The assumption that customers are willing to sacrifice certain product aspects in favor of low prices lacks evidence. The trend is contrary. The assumption, that the key strategy d riving global standardization is product technology; which creates economies of scale, fails to take root. It neglects the influence brought about by automation in flexible factories, which allows them to enjoy the same economies of scale, at low outputs. The assumption also fails to take into account that the final price of a product is not determined solely by its cost of production. The assumption also neglects the ideal that competitive strategy should not be wholly product-driven. It should take into account other aspects such as advertisement and promotion. The article is elaborate on exposing the various constraints that impede global standardization. The constraints do not result only from the external environment but also emanate from the internal structure of the organization seeking expansion. It is fascinating to note that the countries advocating globalization on one hand impede it on the other through trade restriction agreements. An example is the existence of the Eur opean steel and Swiss chocolate cartels. It is difficult to comprehend how the global perspective contrasts with the global standardization. The emphasis on standardization leads a reader to believe that the development of global brands is part of a global perspective. Briefing reading 2: strategy from the inside out: building capability-creating organization The article outlines some significant disadvantages associated with following suit of what competitors are doing. This could expose a company to losses since local

Dog Saves Life Essay Example for Free

Dog Saves Life Essay I was very enthusiastic for my world adventure race and wanted to get in shape, therefore I decided to head out for a run. I took my dog, Tazz along who was my constant companion and was very energetic and playful. Moreover, the route I took was very rough and unstable, despite that I carried on with my run in the remote canyon. During my training run, fortuitously I slipped and plunged 60 feet on to the solid rock smashing my pelvis into pieces. I was dreadfully injured but still alive; it was an abominable pain and my next reaction was to get out of here, despite my broken pelvis I tried standing up but I failed. My legs couldn’t support my body and I was unable to walk, besides that I was separated from my dog which aggravated the situation. I was stranded alone in the barren wilderness and I was facing my worst nightmare. Furthermore, I started dragging myself inch by inch which was causing enormous pain and then suddenly my dog appeared and came to my rescue; I was no longer alone and that gave me a comfort. Since he came to me I knew there was a route out and so I followed him, over and above I was planning to get back to my truck however, the pain was augmenting. As the night arrived it was freezing cold and I struggled doing sit-ups to keep my body warm and prevent hypothermia; I was fighting for my life. I just had my dog that cuddled up next to me. The next morning I tried again to drag myself but I was unable to move any further because I had interior bleeding and I was in a critical situation. It was getting difficult to breathe as well as I was losing vision. Moreover, because of the appalling pain I started crying as well as losing hope that anyone would find me and then Tazz came over to me and saw my tears. I could see that he was also upset. Eventually my family members informed the police that I was not receiving the phone calls, therefore a search team mobilized and a local detective knew about my place where I often train, they came searching for me and found my truck. At that point I was dying and so I said to tazz that I’m hurt and he needs to find help; he turned around and took off which was very depressing because then I had to face death alone. Furthermore, tazz was seen by the search team as he found the way out of the canyon. Tazz ran towards them and starting barking thus, one of the officers followed him and eventually found me. I was thankful to God as my ordeal was over. They gave me water and the feeling of having gulps of water actually go down the throat was incredible. I was glad to be alive.

Mental Retardation in American Society Essay -- Mental Retardation Dis

Mental Retardation in American Society Mental retardation is a very serious illness, and most of the American population is ignorant regarding the subject. Approximately 3 percent of people in the U.S. are considered mentally retarded. With a percentage like this, the ignorance on the subject is bizarre. The nation has adopted slang terms such as â€Å"retard†, to insult others. Using this term is a way to call someone stupid. But there is a lot that people do not understand about mental disabilities. The study of the illness is actually a very complex topic. There are many parts that build up the subject. The definition of mental retardation is: significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period, that adversely affects a child's educational performance. Mental retardation is a term used when someone has limitations in their mental functioning. They also are limited in skills such as communicating, self-care, and social skills. These limitations cause a child to learn and develop slower than an ordinary individual. Children with mental retardation may take longer when learning to speak, walk, and take care of their personal needs such as dressing or eating. They are likely to have trouble learning in school. They will learn, but it will take them longer. There are usually things they cannot learn. There are many causes of mental retardation. They include; genetic conditions, pregnancy troubles, birth difficulties, and health problems. In some cases irregular genes inherited from the parents can cause mental retardation. Mental retardation can be the cause of baby not developing properly when in the womb. This could be the effect of the mother consuming alcohol or drugs during pregnancy. At birth, if a newborn does not receive enough oxygen, the result could be mental retardation. Many health problems are the basis for mental retardation. Numerous illnesses cause mental retardation. Also malnutrition and insufficient medical care are grounds for mental retardation. If a child is not receiving ample nutrition then negative effects will result. In addition, if an adolescent does not receive proper medicine, they could in result, develop a mental illness. Despite popular belief, mental retardation is not a disease. It is also not a men... ...s. People with mental retardation are highly misunderstood, but that is beginning to change more and more each year. People are starting to realize that people with mental disabilities aren’t stupid, and that they can learn and understand new concepts. People with mental retardation are fully capable of entering the work force and contribute to society. Individuals with mental retardation are still ostracized to some degree but it has become less and less over time. Soon people will become even more understanding of the mental disabilities that people contain, and hopefully most of the ignorance will vanish. Works Cited Brooks, Penelope H., Sperber, Richard, and McCauley, Charley. Learning and Cognition in the Mentally Retarded (1984): 56-230. Farber, Bernard. Mental Retardation: Its Social Context and Social Consequences (1968): 123-158 Zigler, Edward, and Balla, David. Mental Retardation, the Developmental-Difference Controversy (1982): 47-63. The Medem Network: Connecting Physicians and Patients Online. 3 Dec. 2004 Department of Mental Retardation. 3 Dec. 2004. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. 3 Dec. 2004

Evidence Collection Policy Essay

1.What are the main concerns when collecting evidence? That you are thorough, collect everything, do it in the proper and official manner, and that you do not tamper with or alter anything. 2.What precautions are necessary to preserve evidence state? Usually what is done is all of the evidence is duplicated several times and any processes involved with the investigation are done with the duplicates to ensure that the actual evidence isn’t altered in any way. 3.How do you ensure evidence remains in its initial state? It is duplicated and then stored in climate controlled conditions. 4.What information and procedures are necessary to ensure evidence is admissible in court? Whoever conducts the investigation does so in a previously mandated, official, and legally recognized manner. Information Systems Security Incident Response Policy I. Title A. Name: Information Systems Security Incident Response Policy B. Number: : 20070103-secincidentresp C. Author(s): David Millar (ISC Information Security) and Lauren Steinfeld (Chief Privacy Officer) D. Status: Approved E. Date Proposed: 2005-10-24 F. Date Revised: G. Date Approved: 2007-01-03 H. Effective Date: 2007-01-16 II. Authority and Responsibility Information Systems and Computing is responsible for the operation of Penn’s data networks (PennNet) as well as the establishment of information security policies, guidelines, and standards. The Office of Audit, Compliance and  Privacy has authority to develop and oversee policies and procedures regarding the privacy of personal information. These offices therefore have the authority and responsibility to specify security incident response requirements to protect those networks as well as University data contained on those networks. III. Executive Summary This policy defines the response to computer security incidents. IV. Purpose This policy defines the steps that personnel must use to ensure that security incidents are identified, contained, investigated, and remedied. It also provides a process for documentation, appropriate reporting internally and externally, and communication so that organizational learning occurs. Finally, it establishes responsibility and accountability for all steps in the process of addressing computer security incidents. V. Risk of Non-compliance Without an effective incident response process, corrective action may be delayed and harmful effects unnecessarily exacerbated. Further, proper communication allows the University key learning opportunities to improve the security of data and networks. Individuals who fail to comply are subject to sanctions as appropriate under Penn policies. VI. Definitions Confidential University Data includes: * Sensitive Personally Identifiable Information–Information relating to an individual that reasonably identifies the individual and, if compromised, could cause significant harm to that individual or to Penn. Examples may include, but are not limited to: Social Security numbers, credit card numbers, bank account information, student grades or disciplinary information, salary or employee performance information, donations, patient health information, information Penn has promised to keep confidential, and account passwords or encryption keys used to protect access to Confidential University Data. * Proprietary Information–Data, information, or intellectual property in which the University has an exclusive legal interest or ownership right, which, if compromised could cause significant harm to Penn. Examples may include, but are not limited to, business planning, financial information, trade secret, copyrighted material, and  software or comparable material from a third party when the University has agreed to keep such information confidential. * Any other data the disclosure of which could cause significant harm to Penn or its constituents. Security Incident. There are two types of Security Incidents: Computer Security Incidents and Confidential Data Security Incidents. * A Computer Security Incident is any event that threatens the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of University systems, applications, data, or networks. University systems include, but are not limited to: servers, desktops, laptops, workstations, PDAs, network servers/processors, or any other electronic data storage or transmission device. * A Confidential Data Security Incident is a subset of Computer Security Incidents that specifically threatens the security or privacy of Confidential University Data. User. A Penn user is any faculty, staff, consultant, contractor, student, or agent of any of the above. VII. Scope This policy applies to all Users. It applies to any computing devices owned or leased by the University of Pennsylvania that experience a Computer Security Incident. It also applies to any computing device regardless of ownership, which either is used to store Confidential University Data, or which, if lost, stolen, or compromised, and based on its privileged access, could lead to the unauthorized disclosure of Confidential University Data. Examples of systems in scope include, but are not limited to, a User’s personally owned home computer that is used to store Confidential University Data, or that contains passwords that would give access to Confidential University Data. This policy does not cover incidents involving the University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPHS) information systems, which has a separate incident response policy. ISC Information Security will coordinate with UPHS as appropriate when UPHS computing devices, data, or personnel are involved. VIII. Statement of Policy A. Overview of Penn’s Incident Response Program All Computer Security Incidents must be reported to ISC Information Security promptly. See Section B below. All Confidential Data Security Incidents must: a. Generate the creation of an Immediate Response Team, as designated by the  Information Security Officer (ISO), on a per incident basis. See Section C below. b. Follow appropriate Incident Handling procedures. See Sections C and D below. iii. ISC Information Security, under the direction of the Vice President for Information Systems and Computing (VP-ISC) is responsible for logging, investigating, and reporting on security incidents. See Sections D and E below. B. Identifying and Reporting Computer Security Incidents i. Users and Local Support Providers (LSPs). In the event that a User or an LSP detects a suspected or confirmed Computer Security Incident, the User must report it to his or her Local Security Officer or IT Director for issues including but not limited to viruses, worms, local attacks, denial of service attacks, or possible disclosure of Confidential University Data. ii. Local IT Management. Local IT Management must notify ISC Information Security of all Computer Security Incidents, except for categories of incidents that ISC Information Security may designate in Appendix I of this policy. iii. ISC Information Security. ISC Information Security shall notify appropriate systems administrators and other personnel of all emergency and attack incidents, as well as all suspicious activity incidents when it believes that an administrator’s system is at risk. The system’s administrators will then work with ISC Information Security to properly address the incident and minimize the risk of future occurrences. C. Immediate Response Team i. Purpose. The purpose of each Immediate Response Team is to supplement Penn’s information security infrastructure and minimize the threat of damage resulting from Computer Security Incidents. ii. Per Incident Basis. An Immediate Response Team shall be created for Confidential Data Security Incidents. iii. Membership. Membership on the Immediate Response Team shall be as designated by the ISO. In most cases, members shall include a representative from ISC Information Security and from the affected School or Center’s technical and management staff. iv. Responsibilities. Responsibilities of the Immediate Response Team are to assess the incident and follow incident handling procedures, appropriate to the incident as determined by the ISO. v. Confidentiality. Immediate Response Team members will share information about security incidents beyond the Immediate  Response Team only on a need-to-know basis, and only after consultation with all other team members. D. Incident Handling. For incidents requiring the formation of an Immediate Response Team, the following is a list of response priorities that should be reviewed and followed as recommended by the ISO. The most important items are listed first: i. Safety and Human Issues. If an information system involved in an incident affects human life and safety, responding to any incident involving any life-critical or safety-related system is the most important priority. ii. Address Urgent Concerns. Schools and Centers may have urgent concerns about the availability or integrity of critical systems or data that must be addressed promptly. ISC Information Security shall be available for consultation in such cases. iii. Establish Scope of Incident. The Immediate Response Team shall promptly work to establish the scope of the incident and to identify the extent of systems and data affected. If it appears that personally identifiable information may have been compromised, the Immediate Response Team shall immediately inform the VP-ISC and the Chief Privacy Officer (CPO). iv. Containment. Once life-critical and safety issues have been resolved, the Immediate Response Team shall identify and implement actions to be taken to reduce the potential for the spread of an incident or its consequences across additional systems and networks. Such steps may include requiring that the system be disconnected from the network. v. Develop Plan for Preservation of Evidence. The Immediate Response Team shall develop a plan promptly upon learning about an incident for identifying and implementing appropriate steps to preserve evidence, consistent with needs to restore availability. Preservation plans may include preserving relevant logs and screen captures. The affected system may not be rebuilt until the Immediate Response Team determines that appropriate evidence has been preserved. Preservation will be addressed as quickly as possible to restore availability that is critical to maintain business operations. vi. Investigate the Incident. The Immediate Response Team shall investigate the causes of the incident and future preventative actions. During the investigation phase, members of the incident response team will attempt to determine exactly what happened during the incident, especially the vulnerability that made the incident possible. In short, investigators will attempt to answer the following questions: Who? What? Where? When? How? vii. Incident-Specific Risk  Mitigation. The Immediate Response Team shall identify and recommend strategies to mitigate risk of harm arising from the incident, including but not limited to reducing, segregating, or better protecting personal, proprietary, or mission critical data. viii. Restore Availability. Once the above steps have been taken, and upon authorization by the Immediate Response Team, the availability of affected devices or networks may be restored. ix. Penn-Wide Learning. The Immediate Response Team shall develop and arrange for implementation of a communications plan to spread learning from the security incident throughout Penn to individuals best able to reduce risk of recurrence of such incident. E. Senior Response Team (SRT). If the ISO or CPO in their judgment believe that the incident reasonably may cause significant harm to the subjects of the data or to Penn, each may recommend to the VP-ISC or Associate Vice President for Audit, Compliance and Privacy (AVP-OACP) that a Senior Response Team be established. The Senior Response Team shall be comprised of senior-level officials as designated by the VP-ISC or AVP-OACP. The Senior Response Team shall: i. Establish whether additional executive management should be briefed and the plan for such briefing. ii. Determine, with final approval by the General Counsel, whether Penn shall make best efforts to notify individuals whose personal identifiable information may have been at risk. In making this determination, the following factors shall be considered: a. legal duty to notify b. length of compromise c. human involvement d. sensitivity of data e. existence of evidence that data was accessed and acquired f. concerns about personnel with access to the data g. existence of evidence that machine was compromised for reasons other than accessing and acquiring data h. additional factors recommended for consideration by members of the Immediate Response Team or the Senior Response Team. iii. Review and approve any external communication regarding the incident. F. Documentation i. Log of security incidents. ISC Information Security shall maintain a log  of all reportable security incidents recording the date, School or Center affected, whether or not the affected machine was registered as a critical host, the type of Confidential University Data affected (if any), number of subjects (if applicable), and a summary of the reason for the intrusion, and the corrective measure taken. ii. Critical Incident Report. ISC Information Security shall issue a Critical Incident Report for every reportable security incident affecting machines qualifying as Critical Hosts, or other priority incidents in the judgment of ISC Information Security describing in detail the circumstances that led to the incident, and a plan to eliminate the risk. iii. Annual Summary Report. ISC Information Security shall provide annually for the VP-ISC and AVP-OACP a report providing statistics and summary-level information about all significant incidents reported, and providing recommendation s and plans to mitigate known risks. IX. Best Practices A. Preserving Evidence: It is essential to consult Penn Information Security when handling Computer Security Incidents. However, if Information Security is not available for emergency consultation, the following practices are recommended: i. Generally, if it is necessary to copy computer data to preserve evidence for an incident, it is a good idea to use bit-wise file-system copy utilities that will produce an exact image, (e.g.UNIX dd) rather than to use file level utilities which can alter some file meta-data. ii. When making forensic backups, always take a cryptographic hash (such as an SHA-1 hash) of both the original object and of the copied object to verify the authenticity of the copy. Consult your System Administrator if you have questions. iii. Assigning members to an Immediate Response Team: In cases where an incident involves an investigation into misconduct, the School or Center should consider carefully whom to assign to the Immediate Response Team. For example, one may not wish to assign an IT professional who works closely with the individual(s) being investigated. X. Compliance A. Verification: ISC Information Security and the Office of Audit, Compliance and Privacy will verify any known computing security incidents as having been reported and documented as defined by this policy. B. Notification: Violations of this policy will be reported by ISC Security  and the Office of Audit, Compliance and Privacy to the Senior Management of the Business Unit affected. C. Remedy: The incident will be recorded by ISC Information Security and any required action to mitigate the harmful affects of the attack will be initiated in cooperation with the Business Unit Security Officer/Liaison. D. Financial Implications: The owner of the system shall bear the costs associated with ensuring compliance with this policy. E. Responsibility: Responsibility for compliance with this policy lies with the system administrator, system owner, and Business Unit’s Senior Manager. F. Time Frame: All incidents involving critical hosts systems and networks must be reported immediately. All other incidents should be reported within one business day of determining something has occurred. G. Enforcement: Compliance with this policy will be enforced by disconnecting any machines that may compromise the University network, or other machines with Confidential University Data. Workforce members not adhering to the policy may be subject to sanctions as defined by University policies. H. Appeals: Appeals are decided by the Vice President for Information Systems and Computing. XI. References 1. PennNet Computer Security Policy at www.net.isc.upenn.edu/policy/approved/20040524-hostsecurity.html 2. Critical PennNet Host Security Policy at www.net.isc.upenn.edu/policy/approved/20000530-hostsecurity.html 3. Policy on Computer Disconnection from PennNet at www.upenn.edu/computing/policy/disconnect.html 4. Adherence to University Policy at www.hr.upenn.edu/policy/policies/001.asp 5. Policy on Security of Electronic Protected Health Information (ePHI) at www.upenn.edu/computing/security/policy/ePHI_Policy.html Appendix I The following category of incidents need not be reported to Penn Information Security: * Unsuccessful network scans

The Challenges Facing The Cultural Diversity

These yearss cultural diverseness plays a important function in a company. The standards know aparting these groups include race, geographic footing, civilisation, gender, age, functional or educational background, physical and cognitive competency, linguistic communication, life styles, beliefs, cultural background, economic class, tenancy with the organisation and sexual penchant. As a MNC works in a planetary market it must be ready to observe all possible alterations in the planetary environment and it has to be able to pass on and accommodate the individuality of the company to them. For illustration in India adult females ‘s will non work for dark so they have to pull off clip for their convenience. The company ca n't offer quality merchandises or services to the clients if it does n't understand and take in history the impact that the civilization has in all the procedures. Workers normally think that their behaviour has n't got any influence on the concluding merchandise or service, but to be effectual, every portion must hold a clear vision of the company and a clear mission on it. The societal, political and enterprise construction depends on everyone in the company, so the internal country and the human resources, one of the most of import countries of a company, must be developed with the remainder of the company to accomplish their ends. The misinterpretation and ignoring of different civilizations, linguistic communication and historical background lead to catastrophes in the field of puting up transnational concern. To avoid this, a general cognition of another state ‘s civilization and history is indispensable. So general cultural cognition, if coupled with bias and prejudgement, is an obstruction to effectual planetary direction. 2.1 Communication and linguistic communication barriers One chief challenge under civilization is linguistic communication barriers. Communication is necessary for direction. Yet communicating relies upon a common linguistic communication, a status that does non be in many planetary concern state of affairss and that is when the jobs start. The most marked mark of the linguistic communication barrier at work can be found in the relationship between a transnational parent company and its web of planetary subordinates. Several factors contribute to the trouble of accomplishing and prolonging effectual communications and a productive, collaborative relationship. Even if an employee is comparatively competent in the linguistic communication of the other party, loss of rhetorical accomplishments is ever present as the usage of wit, symbolism, sensitiveness, dialogue, persuasion and motive requires a really high degree of eloquence. 2.2 Attitudes towards Appointments and Deadlines In America, Americans were give rigorous obeisance to clip committednesss and it was a basic rule of professionalism and polite behaviour. Because everything tends to be purely scheduled, delaies in one assignment or deadline can hold a serious rippling consequence on a coworker or client ‘s other work committednesss. But for illustration: The more flexible and open-ended attack to clip of Indian and Sri Lankan concerns civilization can make tensenesss and inauspicious feelings on American opposite numbers3. MNC Workforce DiversityMultinational Companies ( MNC ) had to confront a figure of new challenges in their day-to-day concern over the past twosome of old ages. Globalization changed assorted things for planetary participants. In general MNC construction shows a focal point on their chief resources and sections like finance, engineering, selling, gross revenues and production, because they want to hold a big figure of clients and to gain net income. A immense challenge MNC have to pull off is their workforce diverseness. The milepost research by Hofstede with 116,000 recruits of IBM, a elephantine MNC in 50 states and 3 parts recognized four cultural values in the workplace: Individualism-collectivism, Power difference, Uncertainty turning away and masculinity-femininity. For illustration: the United States was the greatest and Guatemala was lowest in individuality. Malaysia was the highest and Austria was the lowest in the power distance values. Greece was the highest and Singapore was the lowest in the uncertainness turning away values. Japan was the highest and Sweden was the lowest in the maleness values. There have been important sum of intercultural and cross-cultural surveies with these cultural values, and some surveies demonstrated the relationship between communicating manners with some of these values. Because of this diverseness one of the cardinal success factors of MNC is the enlisting and choice of human resources who offer valuable singularity. These persons are organizing the values and beliefs of a concern. There are two cardinal challenges within planetary HRM specifically constructing planetary corporate civilizations and developing planetary leaders that have to be mastered in order to pull off diverseness and be successful in the planetary concern milieus.Pull offing diverseness in MNC during HRMTo pull off workforce diverseness in MNC it ‘s a challenge for the human resource direction to put up a planetary corporate civilization. To acknowledge with the corporate civilization of the company is the most important thing for the work force. That is why constructing a planetary corporate civilization is one of the most of import challenges for Multinational Companies. Employee behaviour is perchance the most critical challenge that transnational organisations have to cover with. In Multinational Companies there is a immense potency of struggles, because of its diverse personalities. As a consequence of this anxiousnesss will originate among employees. Persons try to accommodate their behaviours to suit the demands of a peculiar environment. In order to accommodate to the environment, persons sacrifice their individualisms to suit in with their new co-ops. Persons become incorporated into the civilization of an organisation when they are successfully understood into the workplace. Successful cultural version reduces members ‘ anxiousness, function struggle, and purposes to go forth. Additionally, successful version increases organisational duty, occupation satisfaction, assurance, and occupation acquaintance every bit good as successful socialization and constitution of relationship.4. Challenges of Working across Culture4.1Stereotyping They are normally deceits and inaccuracies fixed in false conjectures and faulty analysis. Normally this rating is seen in a negative position. The challenges to organisations are to admit differences in positive footings. Power battles and can be the consequence of pigeonholing in organisations. For illustration, puting adult females, who stereotypically have had lower position than work forces in society ; in senior direction places create position incongruence in the heads of many of the people. This can root complexnesss in the leader/subordinate relationship and can root power differences in a concern. This is done in such a manner that affiliates of minority groups may happen it difficult to utilize influence over determination procedures in the organisation. 4.2 Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism consequences when directors identify the differences in civilizations – but have a leaning to believe that their civilization and their manner of making things is the right manner, their manner of making things is the lone manner and the best manner. Any difference from their civilization or from their manner of making things is seen as â€Å" deformation † or as a â€Å" error † or as â€Å" Incorrect manner † . Most people have the leaning to prosecute ethnocentrism. Americans, Nipponese, Chinese, Germans, Gallic, Scandinavians, and Russians are more prone to ethnocentrism than other civilizations – when compared to other Asians, Latin Americans, British, Australians, Africans and Indians. 4.3Informal Integration Informal groups play a important function in any concern. They influence both the success of the concern and the calling success of persons. Entire quality programs depend to a great extent on employee part and informal webs can greatly impact this procedure. Informal groups are influenced by factors such as common linguistic communication, perceived societal similarity, and ethnocentrism. These corporate webs are critical for communicating in organisations. It has been found that race has a major consequence on corporate networking. This is non amazing as you would anticipate people to hold a penchant for interaction with members of one ‘s ain civilization group, particularly in an informal context. 4.4 Parochial Attitude Parochial attitude refers to a individual ‘s incapableness to see cultural diverseness. This is precisely the contrary of ethnocentrism. Directors who are sent overseas often fitting people who are besides dressed in suits and talk their linguistic communication – this prompts them to ignore all other cultural differences and do them experience that all others are â€Å" merely like us † . In today ‘s concern Earth, most people are disposed to dress likewise – in suits or other expressions and speak in English, but this does non bespeak that all people have the same civilization – but people frequently merely see the surface and believe that the other individual portions the same cultural values. Directors from US/UK frequently tend to expose a strong parochial attitude – chiefly because the people with whom they relate on regular footing can talk English and are dressed likewise in suits or western frocks..

First 15 minutes of Gladiator Essay Example

First 15 minutes of Gladiator Essay Example First 15 minutes of Gladiator Paper First 15 minutes of Gladiator Paper Themes The theme of the movie is introduced right from the beginning when the universal studio logo appears. It is turned into a sepia colour with the music very sad, to separate this movie from any comedy, horror and etc movie. Within the text at the beginning of the movie we as the audience understand that this is a historical movie based on true facts due to the fact that it says true facts about the Roman Empire in the 181AD. The music plays a big role in explaining to us the theme; it is a very sad music, showing sorrow within the film, this gives an idea of a tragic movie to the audience. : Language The language is expressed in English in both text and in oral in the first fifteen minutes of the movie. At the beginning the title is shown in large old Roman fonts followed by texts explaining the current situation on the roman empire (this is also in Roman font but much smaller) in 181AD to put the audience in the right state of mind on what the movie is going to be about and the genre of the movie. Within the text it explains many different aspects of the Roman Empire, mainly superiority a of the Romans but yet on the other hand it says a quarter of the worlds population lived and died under the roman rule therefore this brings the thought of death and cruelty to the audience. At the end of the text the audience is aware that something is going to happen to the Roman Empire because it mentions at the end that the Empire was at its rise. Then at the beginning of the first scene there is only one word which is written in text which is Germania to let the audience know where this scene is situated, on the other hand they could have just wrote Germany whereas Germania is a very roman word therefore it adds to the roman feeling and taste in the movie. Music The music is created by Hans Zimmer, it is very downhearted and melancholy all throughout the movie, it has a touch of Arabic tune in it, to add to the sad tune. It is more like dream music with winds at the background, but on the other hand for the war we have the very martial trumpet and drum song showing strength and power in the army. In this scene the music is a reflection o0n the actions in the movie, for example at the beginning the strings only start to play when the name gladiator appears, and another example is that the trumpets and rums get lauder as the camera goes further away from the scene. Target Audience This scene is based on a fighting scene but on the other hand it ahs an emotional touch to it through the music, therefore boys like wars and girls like emotional movies. On the other hand we have strong men fighting which is also in the interest of girls but we have to keep in mind that the language and the scene used is very much complex for a person under the age of 11/12 because not enough background information is there in the childs brain about the Roman Empire. So we get to the point that this movie is set for everybody above the age of about 13/14, it is an interest of everyone, and on the other hand tragic movies are in the interest of everyone as well specially for the old, due to the fact that many famous play writers such as Shakespeare wrote tragic plays. Camera The camera plays a very important role, because it is the eyes of the audience, in has many close ups and long shots in this scene. At the beginning it makes the audiences concentrate on maximums hand which the director wants to show to the audience that the person with that hand is devoted to his family but the fact that the camera is having a close up on the wedding ring, the camera also shows a wide view of the war which the director here wants to show the audience how organized and strong the Romans were, therefore the camera is probably paling one of the biggest roles in the movie due to the fact that the camera is the audiences eyes. Character The main character used in this story is shown in the first scene as a strong and loved general. And yet the audience know that this man is A GENERAL WHO BECOMES A SLAVE, THE SLAVE WHO BECOMES A GLADIATOR, THE GLADIATOR WHO DEFIED AN EMPIRE because it has been told before the movie starts. Therefore we know that this movie is a stereotype character movie because one mans takes revenge and suffers and struggles a lot in the movie, but yet he becomes a very strong influence in the Roman Empire. The characters are shown very distinctively, for example a bad character such as Comadus is shown pale with evil face, Marcus Aeurileus is shown as an old wise man with white beard. Sound Effect In this scene most things are shown in sound effects, such as the sound of the children playing, to show his devotion to the family, the sound of hissing of the winds hitting our ears showing the coldness and winter, the sound of the horses and the catapults being bulled gives the audience the feeling of an ancient war. Symbolism In this movie symbols were very much involved. Symbols such as robins to show winter, bad people wear black dirty and good people wear bright and clean , a ring is shown to show devotion to family, flowers are always shown to show emotions, in the wars the catapults were shown to show the technology of the roman empire and Comadus is shown with a baby face which symbolizes a child, not an emperor. Many different symbols have been used in this movie to give hints or ideas to the audience on what happens in the movie or what is happening in the movie.

Therizinosaurs - The Weirdest Dinosaurs

Therizinosaurs - The Weirdest Dinosaurs Therizinosaurs reaping lizardswere some of the strangest dinosaurs ever to roam the earth during the Cretaceous period. Technically part of the theropod familythe bipedal, carnivorous dinosaurs also represented by raptors, tyrannosaurs and dino-birdstherizinosaurs were endowed by evolution with an unusually goofy appearance, including feathers, pot bellies, gangly limbs, and extremely long, scythe-like claws on their long front hands. Even more bizarrely, theres ample evidence that these dinosaurs pursued a herbivorous (or at least omnivorous) diet, a sharp contrast to their strictly meat-eating theropod cousins. (See a gallery of therizinosaur pictures and profiles.) Adding to their mystery, only a few genera of therizinosaurs have been identified, most of them hailing from eastern and central Asia (Nothronychus was the first therizinosaur to be discovered on the North American continent, followed soon after by Falcarius). The most famous genusand the one that gave this family of dinosaurs its nameis Therizinosaurus, which was discovered in Mongolia a few years after World War II. In the absence of other remains, which were only discovered years later, the joint Soviet/Mongolian excavation team that unearthed the partial fossil of this dinosaur barely knew what to make of its three-foot-long claws, wondering if theyd stumbled on some kind of ancient killer turtle! (Some earlier texts reference therizinosaurs as segnosaurs, after the equally mysterious genus Segnosaurus, but this is no longer the case.) Therizinosaur Evolution Part of what makes therizinosaurs so baffling to scientists is that they cant comfortably be assigned to any existing dinosaur family, although theropods are certainly the closest fit. To judge by some clear anatomical similarities, it was once thought that these dinosaurs were closely related to prosauropods, the sometimes bipedal, sometimes quadrupedal herbivores that were distantly ancestral to the sauropods of the late Jurassic period. That all changed with the discovery of the middle Cretaceous Alxasaurus, a primitive therizinosaur equipped with some distinctly theropod-like characteristics, which helped put the evolutionary relationships of the entire breed in sharper focus. The consensus now is that therizinosaurs evolved in their unusual direction from an earlier, more primitive branch of the theropod family. From a biologists perspective, the oddest thing about therizinosaurs wasnt their appearance, but their diet. Theres a convincing case to be made that these dinosaurs a) used their long front claws to slice and dice copious amounts of vegetation (since these appendanges were too ungainly to slash fellow dinosaurs), and b) harbored an extensive network of intestines in their prominent pot bellies, an adaptation that would only have been needed in order to digest tough plant matter. The inescapable conclusion is that therizinosaurs (distant relatives of the prototypically carnivorous Tyrannosaurus Rex) were largely herbivorous, in much the same way that prosauropods (distant relatives of the protopically plant-eating Brachiosaurus) probably supplemented their diets with meat. A stunning recent discovery in Mongolia, in 2011, has shed some much-needed light on the social behavior of therizinosaurs. An expedition to the Gobi Desert identified the remains of no less than 75 therizinosaur eggs (genus undetermined), in 17 separate clutches of a few eggs apiece, some of which had apparently hatched before being fossilized. What this means is that the therizinosaurs of central Asia were social, herding animals, and may have provided their hatchlings with at least a couple of years of parental care before abandoning them in the wild.

Globalization and HRM Strategies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Globalization and HRM Strategies - Assignment Example It is a family-owned business, and the Walton family controls the corporation, having a stake of 48% in it. In 1972, Wal-Mart was incepted by Sam Walton; however, the incorporation was done on October 31, 1969. The public trading of its stocks was initiated in 1972 on the NYSE (New York Stock Exchange). Its headquarters is positioned in Bentonville, Arkansas. Within the US, it is the leading grocery retailer as more than 50% of its revenues are earned from this division. Sam’s Club retail warehouses are also owned and operated in North America under the ownership and control of Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart operates approximately 4,300 stores within the U. S. and around 8,500 in rest of the world, particularly 15 countries with 55 different trade names. Within the US, it operates with the trade name â€Å"Wal-Mart†, including Puerto Rico and 50 states while in the UK, it operates with the trade name of Asda; in Mexico, it is Walmex; in Japan, it is named as Seiyu and as Best Price in India. It has entirely owned operations in Canada, Argentina, and Brazil. Wal-Mart’s investments apart from North America have shown varied results as it operated successfully in the South America, China and the UK, whereas in South Korea and Germany, its venture wasn’t successful. Operating divisions Wal-mart has organized its operations into three distinct divisions, namely, Wal-mart International, Wal-Mart U.S. and Sam’s Club. ... o international territories by an assurance that it might accomplish competitive advantage overseas by the application of its amalgamation of human resources, technology and logistics with its fantastic relationship with multinational suppliers of consumer goods. However, few sources show that one of the main problems experienced by Wal-Mart is with its HRM, as sex intolerance is the most debating topic in the U. S. as well as in its international ground (Rock, 2001). Impact of Cultures on Wal-Mart’s HRM The leading barrier faced by Wal-Mart is while trying to expand in global market is the resistance at the local level. It is infrequently acknowledged by community groups when it opposes campaign to manufacture new stores. The main causes are not only the protections imposed for local business but also the cultural differences as Wal-Mart moves its own culture wherever it enters. Thus, the Wal-Mart HRM requires to be trained to aspire that culture. An example can be seen as th e difficulty observed by the introduction of Sam’s Club in Brazil. So in order to fit into that culture, Wal Mart had to alter its strategies. One concern also faced by Wal-Mart’s HR is that it operates in varied locations with managers unable to speak the local language and the quality of employment is also varied in its diverse markets. Sexual discrimination is also a leading controversial topic for Wal-Mart. It is observed that the proportion of women employees in Wal-Mart has been declined from 76% to 64% since 1996 (Rock, 2001). Impact of labor markets on Wal-Mart’s HRM 150 to 350 people are employed by a characteristic Wal-Mart store while 500 employed by a supercenter. Most of the work offered is part-time. The best proof on overall alteration in local employment consequential from

Theory and Practice of Health Surveillance in the Workplace Coursework

Theory and Practice of Health Surveillance in the Workplace - Coursework Example of Theory and Practice of Health Surveillance in the Workplace Introduction The delight of many people in finding employment is to work and operate in a safe workplace environment that also gives assurance of good health. However, evidence from modern workplace environments will confirm that there exist numerous health and safety issues at workplace (Lewis and Thornbory, 2010). The presence of these varied health and safety issues cannot guarantee workers and all other persons involved meaningful occupation environment hence it is always important to ensure the identified issues are dealt with. In an attempt to ensure there is promotion of adequate health and safety of individuals in the workplace, risk assessment has become one way of identifying the pertinent problems and issues compounding the workplace (Lewis and Thornbory 2010). The essence of risk assessment is to identify the risks present and subsequently create a safe system in the workplace. What should be known is that, in most cases health, safety risks present in the working environment are not seen or felt, and therefore, demonstrable signs may be absent. As a result, the effects may remain hidden only to surface after a particular period. The evolution of health surveillance in the workplace has been gradual but impacting and it is from this interest that effort will be made to conduct evidence-based analysis of health surveillance practice in the workplace. The focus of the paper will center on; discussion and exploration of nature and purpose of workforce surveillance, legal requirements for conducting health surveillance, types of health surveillance and also evidence-based analysis of health surveillance to particular occupational exposure. Throughout this, the role of occupational health in responding to abnormal findings will be evaluated and how well they can be communicated to employees and managers, and discussion on the quality assurance systems and processes used for surveillance will be assessed. Health Surveillance in the Workplace Profound changes are taking place at the workplace in many countries and industries and the nature of changes can be evidenced in the increasing change in work, work environments, and employment patterns (Lilley and Feyer, 2010). All these aspects are seen to be shaped and influenced by the increasing political, economic, technological, and social change that characterizes the modern societies (Lilley and Feyer 2010). Emergence of these new profiles of hazards is negatively impacting the health and safety of workers, a concern that calls for appropriate actions of mitigation. The overall measure has been a call, sometimes a legal call for employers to initiate programs and measures that should promote the health and safety of its employees. Both international and national bodies have been formulated as guidance frameworks that propagate for enhancement of a health and safer working environment for workers. International Labor Organiz ation (ILO) has in place, Occupational Safety and Health Convection number 155 and the Occupational Health Service Convection number 161, in which employers in both convections are required to ensure health and safety needs of workers are promoted (Stellman and International Labour Office 1998). In this way, employers through appropriate programs are supposed to promote the health

Legalization of Marijuana in Arizona Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legalization of Marijuana in Arizona - Essay Example Currently, taxation on Alcohol and Cigarettes has been beneficial for the federal government. Solely $9 billion are gained annually through the excise tax on alcohol and $25 billion through cigarettes. States collect approximately $5.5 billion through alcohol taxes. There are certain shortcomings in the system due to which legitimate amount is still not collected. Collection of the exact amount of money through taxes on alcohol and cigarettes would gather billions of dollars. Strong legislation and adequate measures for the collection of tax on marijuana will definitely help Arizona to accumulate billions of dollars. Legalization of marijuana should be done in such a manner that high taxes are applied to it. There is not the much abundant supply of marijuana in the country and it has been sold in the grey market at a high price. Eventually, legalization of marijuana and quotation of high prices would basically discourage people to spend money on it. At the same; tax collection throug h it would be advantageous. The legalization of marijuana would promote its usage in the country but due to high prices, people would not be able to purchase it which would be ultimately positive. Most of the users of Marijuana are teenagers, high prices would change their purchase behaviors and sales reduction would be seen. Legalization of marijuana would also enable State to keep the record of demand and supply, which is fundamental for economics and finance division of Arizona. The sale and purchase mechanism of marijuana is still prevalent beneath the table and it involves drug dealers, criminals, and mob gangs. Due to legalization, these unlawful business operators would get out of their hubs for business. Their presence in the market would basically escort police officials to find the culprits of smuggling and illegal trade. By catching these individuals, the economy of the country and state would rise as grey market and smuggling has destroyed nation’s economy.  

Occupational Health And Safety Impact in Construction

Occupational Health And Safety Impact in Construction The main aim of the research is to study the impact of occupational health and safety in construction industry. It will also aim at identifying the attitude of construction organisations as well as employees towards occupational health and safety in India. To support the research, survey questionnaire and a telephone interview was conducted. It helped it achieving objectives of the research. The construction industry is a very dangerous industry. The performance of the industry in occupational health and safety is very poor. The standard of occupational health and safety is even worse in developing countries. In Indian construction industry OHS has never been given prime importance. Even though in India construction industry is significantly booming, there are no proper initiatives undertaken by the government to implement OHS rules and regulations. There are several initiatives taken by Government of India but they are still in their initial stages and need to be enforced. The employers are concerned about completion of project rather than focussing on improving OHS of their employees. The industry has larger number of small and medium size firms and very few numbers of larger firms. Smaller firms lack resources to comply with proper OHS procedures. The workers are not provided with proper training and information about occupational health and safety hazards. Lack of awareness on OHS, sub-contracting system, use of traditional methods in construction, lack of proper personal protective equipments, low wages and labour-driven industry are some of the important factors that have their impact on occupational health and safety in Indian construction. CHAPTER I Introduction and background study 1.0 Introduction The construction industry in developing as well as developed countries is one of the most significant industries in relation to the contribution to the GDP (Rantanen et al., 2004). Also it is having a significant impact on the health and safety of the people working in it. According to Haupt as cited in Rowlinson (2004), the construction industry has a poor record in relation to the health and safety of its worker. It is a known fact that workplace accidents are linked basically with unsafe behaviour. There is a positive correlation between safety climate on construction sites and workers safe behaviour. The attitudes of workers on construction sites toward health and safety are widely influenced by their perception towards risk, health and safety rules and procedures; management (Mohamed and Ali, 2005). According to Larcher and Sohail (1999), occupational health and safety is a highly important area of concern in developing countries where Acts related to safety rarely exist with we ak regulatory authorities that finds it difficult to implement it effectively. Also awareness towards occupational hazards is not at all or rarely perceived. The other factors that affect occupational health and safety in developing countries are lack of statutory regulations and legislations to protect workers in construction sector, standards maintained in corporate and government systems are low, inadequate infrastructure and high labour intensity (Mohamed and Ali, 2005). Every year hundreds of accidents take place on construction sites resulting in severe injuries or even deaths. It is matter of concern that the same type of work related deaths, injuries and illnesses occur in the construction industries all over the world. The working life of construction workers is curtailed by several years due to the exposure to occupational health and safety hazards. The process of construction involves many hazardous activities such as working at height, manual handling, exposure to hazardous materials, frame erection, lifting operations, scaffolding, demolition works and groundworks. Falls and manual handlings are the important risks associated with injuries and long term disability in the construction industry (Gillen et al.1997). 1.1 Background study According to study conducted by Holmes et al., (1999), that the occupational health and safety risks are mainly related to the nature of work, low standard of individual work practices, lack of knowledge, work pressure due to cost and time constraints. Rechenthin (2004) stated that, for a construction company to be consistently profitable, all its project must complete on time and within budget. But at the same time due to the nature of the high risk works undertaken by the construction companies results in high accident rates. Eakins (1992) stated that international research confirms that as compared to larger construction firms, smaller firms are poor in the implementation of occupational health and safety programmes. Henceforth, the rate of occupational injury is inversely proportional with the size of the organisation, i.e. smaller firm having higher injury frequency rates (McVitte et al. 1997). As per Lingard and Rowlinson (2005), the construction industry consists of several SMEs and small amount of large firms. These small and medium size firms lack professional occupational health and safety advisors in staff. They also lack knowledge and resources required to implement occupational health and safety management activities for example: training, performing risk assessments, routine inspections and audits. Moreover the expense due to involvement of expensive occupational health and safety advice and services may be considered as unnecessary. Due to high competitive construction industry with cost cutting pressures, the priorities related to occupational health and safety is likely to be low with small size construction firms. According to Rantanen et al., (2004), nearly 2.4 billion people in the developing countries have to bear employment conditions, that dont even meet the basic occupational health and safety standards. Furthermore due to lack of work safety, excessive amount of work pressures, exposure to occupational physical, biological and chemical environment results to occupational diseases and injuries to an extent of 1.2 million fatalities per year. 1.2 Rationale for Research This research studies the attitude of organisations in India, a developing country towards occupational health and safety. As per report of The Economic Times as cited in (Shenoy et al., 2000), size of the Indian construction industry is more than USD 25 billion. Due to large investment made in roads, railways, nuclear and other infrastructure areas, the construction sector of India is witnessing a high growth. After agriculture sector, construction sector is the largest employer in India, with more than 18 million people employed in it. In spite of all these advancement, the construction sector is still dependant largely on labour intensive operations as they are easily available at low cost. Also occupational health and safety of people working in construction are not given due attention by the organisations (Shenoy et al., 2005). According to a report published by Construction Industry Development Council (CIDC) India (2010), safety in the construction industry is a matter of conc ern all over the world. With an unorganised workforce, issues related to construction safety become the most vulnerable segment in India. With 18 million people employed in the construction sector within India, the issues related to safety are considerably important. The industry is highly labour intensive with a large amount of workers exposed to the risks of occupational health and workplace safety problems. In construction industry the fatal accidents rate is comparatively four to five times higher than the manufacturing sector. In India 165 per 1,000 workers get injured while working on construction sites. Further the report states that the workers are exposed to several hazardous substances having the potential to cause serious occupational health diseases such as asbestosis, silicosis, poisoning etc. According to International Labour Organisation (2005), the rate of accident among industrial workers is highest with 4 per 1000 and the major contributor for this is the construction industry. International Labour Organisation (2005) report also estimated the number of deaths in India due to accidents at work as 40,000 in 2001 and 2,62,000 dying from work related diseases. Thus if construction is held responsible for one sixth of the total, then the death of the Indian construction workers can be estimated up to 60,000 each year. According to Damodaran (2006) ‘safety in construction is in the bottom of list of priorities of builders, contractors and engineers. While the monetary loss heads the list, loss of man-hours and material progress are equally irreparable when scaffolding fails, a roof collapses or a fatal accident takes place at site of work, the human life is irreplaceable. The construction companies in India have experienced that when a worker loses his life due to an accident on the site, there is a sudden downturn in the morale of the working force. It affects the spirit of working and the progress of work. It is only after some accidents takes place, the company begins to take safeguards. As labour is very cheap and unorganised, having little or no knowledge of their rights, the companies find it convenient as well as profitable using manpower rather than machineries. Though getting a job in the construction industry helps poor labours to get out of poverty, due to presence of high occupati onal health and safety risk it can drive them back into insolvency. 1.3 Research aim and objectives 1.3.1 Aim of the research The aim of this research is to study the impact of occupational health and safety in construction industry, whilst exploring the attitude of organisations and employees toward occupational health and safety in Indian construction industry. 1.3.2 Objectives The above mentioned aim will be achieved with the help of the following objectives: 1. To explore the issues impacting health and safety with the focus on occupational health and safety in the construction industry. 2. To investigate occupational health and safety hazards and its impact in construction industry 3. To investigate the implementation of occupational health and safety in the Indian construction industry whilst; Exploring the attitude of employees and construction organisations toward occupational health and safety in India. Investigating the impact of existing occupational health and safety rules and regulations on the Indian construction industry. 1.4 Research methodology Figure 1.1 Details of research methodology The adopted research methodology will be divided into primary and secondary research. In primary research, questionnaires survey and a telephone will be conducted. This will help in understanding and identifying the perception of the management and the employees toward occupational health and safety in Indian construction industry. In secondary research, literature review will be carried out in order to understand the factors affecting occupational health and safety such organisational culture, climate and government policies. It will also help in identifying different occupational health and safety hazards and its effect on construction projects. 1.4.1 Primary research Primary research such as questionnaires survey and telephone interview will help in achieving the main objectives of the research. Data will be collected from clients, contractors, managers, site engineers and supervisors who play an important role in the construction industry. The data collected through the telephone interview will help in supporting the findings from survey questionnaire. 1.4.2 Secondary research Secondary research will be carried out through literature review. The data will be collected through electronic databases, journals, websites, magazines, books and conference papers. These data will help in identifying the issues and factors influencing occupational health and safety in the construction industry. 1.5 Limitations of the research The most significant limitation to this research is the time constraint. Due to limited availability of time, the research cannot be conducted in depth. Provided more time, it could be possible to visit India and collect more data available on occupational health and safety in the Indian construction industry. As the research is carried out from United Kingdom, the collection of secondary data is limited to the information available on websites. Limited research has been carried out in India related to occupational health and safety in the construction industry. As such, there is less availability of data to support this research. The other constraints can be that some companies may not be reluctant in providing the right information. During telephone interview there may be possibilities that the interviewee give diplomatic or misleading answers. Also the size of the company can influence the answers of the interviewee. Also the answers provided by the respondents may be influenced by the size and location of the company. 1.6 Structure of dissertation The dissertation will be divided into various chapters. Chapter 2, 3 and 4 will be part of literature review. An overview of the chapters included in this research thesis is as shown below. Chapter 1 – Background study and rationale for research This chapter will provide an overall of overview of the research. It will consist of background study, aim and objectives and also the rationale for the research. It will also give an overview of the research methodology to be conducted in order achieve the desired aim and objectives. Chapter 2 – Factors affecting health and safety on construction sites This chapter narrates the factors influencing health and safety on construction such as sub-contracting systems, organisations structure, size, location, personnel and incentive factors. Chapter 3 – Introduction to OHS and detail description of OHS hazards This chapter will provide detail description of occupational health and safety including safety culture, human behaviours and different OHS hazards. Chapter 4 – OHS in the Indian construction industry This chapter will investigate the current scenario of OHS in the Indian construction industry. It will also explore the government rules and regulations related to OHS and their influence on the construction industry. Chapter 5 – Research methodology This chapter will provide a brief outline of the different research methods available and the adopted research methodology. Chapter 6 – Analysis and interpretation of the survey This chapter will include analysis of data collected through questionnaires survey and the telephone interview with help of charts, figures and tables. Chapter 7 – Conclusion and recommendations This chapter will include the summary of the research findings as well as recommendations related to the research.